Definitions of Project Success

Definitions of Project Success Using your own words, define â€Å"Project Success†. Describe some aspects of how you would approach a project to ensure delivery of successful project outcome.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction Projects are defined by their scope, budget, and schedule. For example, an Agency is to undertake a project to design and build a new maintenance facility for its fleet of buses (scope), at an estimate of $30 million (preliminary budget) over a three-year period (schedule). The schedule specifies a defined beginning and end. Projects go through a life cycle of phases between their beginnings and end that for construction projects are typically: initiation, planning, design, construction, commissioning, and closeout. Project Success is defined in many ways but briefly means that it consists of many activities which have to be considered and completed within the constraints of time, cost, and performance. Project can be successful if the following factors are implemented. Time Period: Time plays a key role for completion of project. Every Project are constrained to a specific time period and within that time the project should be completed. There should not be any extensions if the completion date of project is finalised. Cost/Budget: It is also a key constraint for all projects in a limited budget. Projects should run within the budget allocated. All requirements should be fulfilled within the budget limits and the resources should be used efficiently to complete the project. Generally the project manager develops the budget based on the cost estimates at the beginning of each project phase and refines it once there is better information defining the scope. Refining the budget occurs through studies and analysis in the design development process through the Preliminary engineering phase.   When Agencies try to fix the budget too early in the project life cycle, they are surprised by the significant increases in the budget over what was set forth in the Capital Improvement Plan. The budget should not be fixed as baseline until after completion of the preliminary engineering phase. Performance: SocioCultural Issues: Sociocultural factors play an increasingly significant role in the development project management. This aspect produces a provisional social system within a well-built organizational environment that unites the talents of a different set of professionals working to entire the project. Project managers should build a supportive social network among a different set of collaborators with diverse standards, obligations, and views. Since People are the essential part of project, the essential factors narrating people in project management are teamwork, communication, leadership, negotiation, problem solving, behavioural characteristics and conflict management. Projects success greatly depends upon the commitment of all the team members to achieve the common goal. To select the right members and ensure good team work within the project team is a challenge for the project manager. Effective communication is essential; the main objective of communication in project management is to perceive that there is a general understanding of the project. Leadership involves identifying and articulating the need to considerably change the direction and function of the project, aligning people to the latest direction, and motivating them to work collectively to conquer hurdles produced by the change and to understand innovative objectives. Negotiation is the process of planning, discussing, suggest, trade-offs, bargaining and agreeing. The factors like resources, assignments, scope, cost and schedule of objectives are managed by the project staff in a project. The project manger should be capable of identifying and analysing problems related to technical and managerial aspects in a project. By constructing problem-solving in a project and problem collaboration in project team then these problems are dealt swiftly. Problem definition and decision making are involved in problem solving. Behavioural characteristics are the factors that divide and depict a persons favoured way of acting, interacting, and responding in a variety of circumstances. The behavioural characteristics which are essential for project management are thoughts, common sense, progressiveness, adaptability, creativity, prudent risk taker, equality and commitment. In several organizations, conflicts occur between employees as a normal result of employee relations. The project manager needs to identify the objects and behavioural components of conflict. In any organisation conflicts can be managed by collaborating, compromising, smoothing, avoidance and competing.  Ã‚     Ã‚   1. Project Mission- It should have defined goals and general directions. 2. Project Schedule/Plan - A detailed specification of the individual activities for the project Implementation. 3. Client Consultation - There should be regular consultation, communication and active participations in all meetings. 4. Personnel Recruitment, Selection, and Training of the necessary personnel for the project team. 5. Technical Tasks For a certain project there should be availability of the required technology and expertise to accomplish the specific technical action steps. 6. Clients Acceptance - The act of selling the final Project to its ultimate intended users. 7. Monitoring and Feedback- Timely provision of comprehensive control information at each stage in the implementation process. 8. Communication The provision of an appropriate network and necessary data to all key actors in the implementation process. 9. Trouble-shooting - Ability to handle unexpected crises and deviations from plan. 10. Top-Management Support - Willingness of top management to provide the necessary resources and authority/power for project success. Question 2 (5 Marks) Describe the role of the Project Manager. Discuss the extent to which the power of the Project Manager is dependent upon the organisational context. (Note assume the organisation is the employer of the Project Manager).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Introduction: Definition: A project manager is the person who has the overall responsibility for the successful planning and execution of a project. Aim Of Project Manager To understand the nature of the work. To make sure that customer is satisfied. To ensure quality and safety of the work done. To ensure work is done within the specified budget. To ensure work is done within the specified time limit. To coordinate the activities of various team members to ensure that they perform right task at the right time as a cohesive group. Role Of Project Managers Planning Organizing Controlling Leading Communicating Cognitive functions Self management functions Motivational and personal development functions Customer awareness functions Organizational savvy functions Planning Defines the project objective and reaches agreement with the customer on this objective. Communicate this objective to the team members for successful accomplishment of the objective. Along with the team members development plan is prepared. Review of the plan with the customer. Project management information system is formed to compare actual progress to planned progress Organising Involves securing the appropriate resources to perform the work. Identify the various type of activities which are to be performed. Assign responsibility and delegates authority to specific individuals or sub contractors. To ensure these activities are completed within specified budget and schedule. Controlling Implements a project management information system to   compare actual progress to planned progress. Monitors the assigned tasks and regularly get data on progress, schedule and costs. Immediate actions are taken if actual progress falls behind planned progress. Along with the team members he/she decides appropriate corrective action and how to replan those parts of the project. He/she must be proactive, resolving problems before they become worse. Leading Clearly define roles, responsibilities and performance expectations. Foster collaboration among team members. Removing of obstacles that hampers team progress, readiness or effectiveness. Promotes team participation in problem solving and decision making as appropriate. Passes credit on to team, and promotes their positive visibility to upper management. Appreciates, promotes and leverages the diversity within the team. Communicating Communicate effectively with all levels inside and outside of the organizations. Negotiate fairly and effectively. Brings conflicts into the open and manages it collaboratively and productively. Able to influence without relying on coercive power or threats. Conveys of ideas and information clearly and concisely, both in writing and orally. Cognitive Functions Gathers information systematically; seeks input from several sources. Considers a broad range of issues or factors when solving problems. Collects the appropriate quantity of data for the situation before making a decision. Draws accurate conclusions from quantitative data. Makes decisions in an unbiased, objective manner using an appropriate process. Self Management Functions Maintains focus and control when faced with ambiguity and uncertainty. Shows consistency among principles, values and behavior. Resilient and tenacious in the face of pressure, opposition, constraints, or adversity. Manages implementations effectively; recognized as someone â€Å"who gets things done.† Actively seeks feedbacks and modifies behavior accordingly. Actively pursues learning and self development opportunities Motivational And Personal Development Functions Considers individual skills, values and interests when assigning or delegating tasks. Allows team members an appropriate amount of freedom to do the job. Continuously seeks and offers opportunities for personal and professional growth. Provides for training and support when needed. Gives timely, specific and constructive feedback. Customer Awareness Functions Anticipates customers needs and proactively strives to satisfy them. Accurately translates the customers verbalized wants into what they actually needs. Seeks to understand customers and their business. Actively build and maintain strong customer relationships Responsive to customers issues, concerns and queries. Actively strives to exceed customer expectations. Organizational Savvy Functions Involves the right people at the right time Understands, accepts and properly uses power and influence in relationships. Builds and leverages formal and informal networks to get things done Knows the mission, structure and functions of the organizations and others Understands profitability and general management philosophy Balances interests and needs of team/project with those of the broader organization Conclusion â€Å"The Project Manager is a key ingredient in the success of a Project. In addition to providing leadership in planning, organizing and controlling the Project, the manager should possess a set of skills that will both inspire the project team to succeed and win the confidence of the customer. Effective Project Managers have strong leadership ability, the ability to develop people, excellent communication skills, good inter personal skills, the ability to handle stress, problem solving skills and time management skills†.

Syllabus Psy310

Copyright  ©2012, 2010, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description The purpose of this course is to familiarize the student with the various methods of inquiry, terminologies, and theoretical systems that comprise the history of psychology. A broader view is used to introduce the modern era of psychology and its use. These include: structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and phenomenological/existential approaches.Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. †¢ Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. I f you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A history of modern psychology (3rd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Psychology in Historical Perspective: Early Developments | |The Mind/Body Relationships of Psychology | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Examine the roots in early philosophy that lead to modern psychology. | | | |Identify major philosophers in the western tradition that were primary contributors to the | | | | |formation of psychology as a discipline. | | | | |Explore the development of the science of psychology during the 19th century. | | | | |Examine the historical elements of the study of the physical body and brain in antiquity. | | | |Describe major developments in medicine and biological studies that contributed to the early | | | | |field of psychology. | | | | |Identify major historical steps toward the mapping of brain structures that are associated | | | | |with behavioral processes. | | | |Reading |Read Ch. of A History of Modern Psychology. |Finish by Wed. |0 | |Reading |Read Ch. 2 of A History of Modern Psychology. |Finish by |0 | | | |Fri. | | |Reading |Read Ch. 3 of A History of Modern Psychology. |Finish by |0 | | | |Sun. | | |Reading |Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Finish by |0 | | | |Mon. | | |Participation |Participate in class discussion. |Submit 2 posts |2 | | | |on 4 of 7 days | | | |Remember to participate in the class discussions 4 out of 7 days during the week (for | | | | |clarification see Course and Instructor Policies).Please review the What I Expect materials | | | | |in the Course Materials Forum. You may also want to review the How You Will Be Evaluated | | | | |materials to see how your participation posts will be graded. Individual posts to the Main | | | | |Forum will count towards your class participation score. | | | |Discussi on Questions |Respond to weekly discussion questions. Wed. , Fri. , & |2 | | | |Sun. | | | |DQs will be posted in the Main Forum. Please review the What I Expect materials in the Course| | | | |Materials Forum. You may also want to review the How You Will Be Evaluated materials to see | | | | |how your discussion questions will be graded. | | |Individual |Check into the class. Prepare for the course by reading all of the posts in the Course |Tues. , 10/30/12|0 | |Check Into Class |Materials Forum, the Main Forum, and the Chat Forum. Download the syllabus, instructor | | | | |policies and course assignment calendar. Post a reply to the Check-in thread in the Main | | | | |Forum, under the thread Getting Organized.Please indicate that you have read the following:| | | | | | | | | |You have read the syllabus and instructor policies documents and understand what is required | | | | |in this course. | | | |You have read all the materials I posted in the Course Materials Forum, the Main F orum, and | | | | |the Chat Forum. | | | | |You understand and agree to the participation requirements. | | | |Individual |Post your personal bio to the Chat Forum. Please ensure you state what your expectations are |Wed. , 10/31/12 |0 | |Post Bio in Chat Forum |for this class.

Knowledge management in the financial services industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2622 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The challenge of knowledge management at the organisational level stands in the efficient use of multiple sources of knowledge and in the consolidation of knowledge in the memory of the organization. Knowledge management supervises the development and the promoting of coherent business intelligence. Since the concept of knowledge management matures, it becomes increasingly understandable that knowledge management neither is in relation only with technology nor can be accomplished exclusively through information systems (Kalpic and Bernus, 2006). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Knowledge management in the financial services industry" essay for you Create order Knowledge and management of knowledge give emphasis and expect cooperation from a wide range of participants that includes people, procedures and technology supportiveness in an organisation. With the arrival of the knowledge economy, knowledge has progressively been concerned as the most significant resource to maintain competitive advantages in the modern competitive market which changes rapidly (Weissor, Sheng-Tun and Kuan-Ju, 2008). Therefore, knowledge management has been developed into a critical issue in the contemporary field of management and set the bases for the detection, confine, storage, distribution and recycle of valuable knowledge that exist within an organisation (Kalpic and Bernus, 2006) In the current business environment which characterised by increasingly changing rate, financial services industry are in compliance and affected by these changes. The consecutively regulations and deregulation has created an additional compliance burden. Furthermore the dere gulations have increased the competition in the financial services companies. Thus, financial services companies have an additional challenge to manage. Knowledge management as an important strategic role for financial services companies concentrates on supporting development based on business capabilities through the usage of new knowledge (Burstein, Zyngier and Rateb, 2002). This paper is dedicated to study knowledge management and knowledge management in financial services industry. Knowledge According to Davenport and Prusak (2000) knowledge can be considered as the primary implement to improve the organisational performance and thus attain a sustainable competitive advantage. Knowledge has been suggested as the most important component in wealth creation process (Cole, 1998). As a higher form of information, knowledge promotes the strategic purpose of the organisational while empowering the firm to achieve competitive advantages (Beckett, Wainwright and Bance, 2000). Furthermore, the inability to imitate tacit knowledge, organisational knowledge and complex knowledge obstruct competitors to adopt organisational strategies and processes based on these form of knowledge (McEvily and Chakravarthy, 2002). Consequently, organisations have to identify knowledge relevant to their perspectives and strategies as well as to exploit, enrich and share recognised valuable knowledge. Knowledge can be found in a variety within organisational structure and can be recognised in system practices, processes, people and technology (Cepeda, Galan and Leal, 2004). The knowledge circulation process According to Chang, Sangjae and Kang (2004) the knowledge circulation process comprises five procedures. The first component of this cyclic process involves the creation of variety knowledge, express or tacit, enhanced by the different interpersonal relationships of people with different backgrounds. The second component of the cyclical process of knowledge, knowledge accumulation refers to storage of knowledge in a repository of knowledge. All individuals within an organisation can have access to this repository of knowledge to receive the appropriate knowledge relative to their work problems or decisions. Furthermore, accumulated knowledge stored as an organisational knowledge can play an important role in minimizing several obstacles and failures and improve the efficiency of administration (Anand, Manz and Glick, 1998). However, if the knowledge generated through management activities from the past years have not been saved systematically, either in an electronic format or i n structured documents, then this knowledge cannot be useful for the needs of future. Sharing knowledge it the third component of the cycle of knowledge. This component promotes the diffusion and contributes to convert the working process astute and knowledge intensive. Under these circumstances, the participants which are the knowledge workers can identify the necessary knowledge from repository of knowledge in an organisation and then they can be able to apply the accumulated knowledge to complete successful their tasks (Chang, Sangjae and Kang, 2004). However, Integration of knowledge from various sources required to improve performance. The fourth step of the cyclic process of knowledge refers to the utilisation of knowledge, which can be observed and managed in all levels of management activities. ODell and Grayson (1998) refers that one of the most popular forms to exploit knowledge includes the detection and adoption of best practices from leading businesses with releva nce knowledge. The last component of the cyclical process of knowledge according to Chang, Sangjae and Kang (2004) is the internalisation of knowledge, which may take place when participants of the company identify relevant to their work knowledge, acquire it and then apply it. Therefore, through internalisation occurs new knowledge that enables knowledge creation. Knowledge management Knowledge management has been introduced as an outstanding competitive advantage and an essential strategic process for firms (Davenport, 1998; Grant 1996). Knowledge management success or failure could be measured through the ability to identify and exploit the appropriate knowledge so as to extract and share valuable knowledge (Adams and Lamond, 2003). The significance and the application of knowledge became progressively more critical in business accordingly to the evolution to knowledge era from industrial era (Cepeda, Galan and Leal, 2004). According to Karl (1997) knowledge management has two basic objectives. First, knowledge management should enforce the organisation to perform as intelligently as possible in order to ensure the viability and the overall success. The second goal that knowledge management has to achieve concerns the utilisation of existing knowledge assets effectively and efficiently. Thus, knowledge management focus on understanding and managing systemat ically explicit and tacit knowledge in order to build renewal deliberate knowledge available to apply. An effective system of knowledge management enables an organisation to capture valuable insight knowledge and improve the overall performance. Managing the knowledge grants the opportunity to avoid mistakes that have been made in the past and to highlight the best practices in order to adopt them in other process. Firms strategy is the most important guidance of knowledge management (Thompsen, Ibarra and Center, 1997). The context of knowledge management derives from the strategic gap among what the firm intent to complete and what actually do. The knowledge gap should be recognised and knowledge management has to distinguish what kind of knowledge required from a firm from what knowledge actually has deposit. Furthermore, firms have to perceive and establish knowledge management infrastructures in order to support effective and efficiency knowledge management procedures. (Za ck, 1999) The success of knowledge management implementation depends on the available knowledge management infrastructure so as to support the accumulation, the distribution and the utilisation of explicit and tacit knowledge resources. Knowledge management administrates and supervises the integration of multiple sources of knowledge such as processes, structures, systems and individuals with different role in the organisation (Gold, Malhotra and Segars, 2001). Technology, people and processes are the three primary elements that knowledge management concentrates in order to identify valuable knowledge (Cepeda et al., 2004). Knowledge management infrastructure facilitates the identification and the exploitation of critical knowledge insight the available knowledge areas (Teece, 1998). Furthermore, the identification of critical knowledge areas in an organisation can contribute to develop competitive advantages by improving the current knowledge areas. As companies begun to e stablish the competitive advantage of managing the internal knowledge in order to achieve organisational goals, they compassed on new sources of knowledge not only inside the structures, the process and the people within the organisation (Garcia-Murillo and Annabi, 2002). Customer knowledge management involves and concentrates on the recognition, the accumulation and the exploitation of knowledge across the boundaries of the firm. Organisations can explore this external knowledge through customer knowledge management and improve the providing services and products accordingly. As Blosch (2000) refers, customers can be a unique source of knowledge that enables an organisation to reach and obtain knowledge related to their customer needs. Successively, the firm provides to the customer refined products and services that based on perceived knowledge from customers and their needs. Financial services industry Financial services industry has a critical function in economic environment around the globe while the main prospect is to safeguard the economic development (Fariborz, 2004). Moreover, financial services support the welfare of individuals at the micro level prospective. According to Beck and Levine (2002) the economic growth is positively related to the overall financial development and to the evolution of financial services industry. Furthermore, a positive related link has been observed among a firms growth and the development of financial services (Demirguc-Kunt and Maksimovic, 1998). According the local environmental market characteristics the structure of financial services varies around the world. The government policy and regulations, the economic development and the local economic environment affect the local financial structure. Infrastructure features, logistics and physical geography exert influence in determining the development of local financial services as well a s cultural and social factors. Deregulation of the markets such as the financial services and market Act 2000 has blurred the lines that distinguish the field of financial services to insurance, banking and mortgage lending. Organisations and institutions in financial services industry offer several services and frequently provide different market segments with variations of the same service (Pullman et al., 2001). Financial services industry consists of variety institutions and organisations such as banks, insurance companies, trust companies, credit unions, investment house and mutual fund providers which are vital and fundamental component of economic structure stability. The main activities of financial services industry accommodate the exchange of financial resources. Knowledge management in financial services industry With the arrival of information and knowledge age and moreover with the evolution of service economy, the introduction and the importance of effective management of knowledge has been emphasised (Winslow and Bramer, 1994). The necessity for financial investments services has increase around the word. Knowledge management could improve financial investments and fulfill the need to exchange knowledge openly among the general public and expert financial analysts. Quanyong (2009) developed a wiki based investment knowledge management service for both the financial analysts and the amateur users to share their investment knowledge. The basic design of this prototype system can be categorized into three sub systems. First is the data collection sub system which is responsible to accumulate data. Second, the data storage and computation sub system which record the data and computes the financial analysis. And third, the presentation sub system which demonstrates the results that occur from the financial modeling analysis to the users of the system. Such a knowledge management service supports the financial investment services and promotes investors to make financial investment decisions appropriately. Bolloju, Khalifa and Turban (2002) mentioned that a synergy could be established from the combination of knowledge management and decision support systems since both of these activities involve each other. Knowledge management through the accumulated knowledge, the utilisation and the diffusion that provides could enhance the decision support process. Cheng, Yi-Chuan and Calvin (2009) developed a prototype of knowledge management system particularly for financial research purposes that supply infrastructures to store, diffusion, organise, distribute and share not only information and financial data but also knowledge. Cheng, Yi-Chuan and Calvin (2009) illustrate how ontology of knowledge management and knowledge sharing process support corporate bonds classifi cation and decision making. There has been a radical change in the economic environment worldwide at the end of 20th century (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995). Developed economically countries shift away from tangible manufactured products and compassed toward to value added services. This change has motive organisations to concentrate and invest on intellectual capability and establish knowledge management in business strategic design (Davenport TH, Prusak L., 2000). Enhanced competition among organisations increase the competiveness on knowledge intensive products and services and facilitates knowledge management. Dilnutt R. (2002) presented three knowledge management initiatives that have been applied in the Asia Pacific region and have delivered improvements with proven benefits and verifiable results. One of these case studies involves financial institution. A bank with international operation has identified the possibility to manage and support effective the providing financia l services. Financial consultants were depended on paper based information to support financial services and products. The accuracy and the currency of the content were limited while the financial advice provided by the consultants was lingered and wretched. A knowledge based approach to improve the providing services was adopted. A knowledge plan was developed to accumulate, distribute and utilise knowledge. The implementation covered all aspects of knowledge management including people, business process and technology. Knowledge management does not depend only on technology but contrarily technology supports the implementation and the establishment of a knowledge platform in an organisation. The bank have established a successful governance structure founded with the approached of knowledge management through the creation of knowledge repository, knowledge sharing and internalisation of knowledge. Conclusion In a knowledge based economy, knowledge facilitates innovation and increases competition among knowledge intensive services and products. Financial services as a knowledge based industry take the advantage of knowledge management in order to maximise the capability to create, accumulate, recycle, distribute and utilise new knowledge effectively. Knowledge management implementation requires a wide range of participants such as human resources, procedures and information technology. Knowledge management strategies are an essential part of management practices and improve the performance of organisations. Thus, knowledge management gives the opportunity to further development in financial services industry while increases the organisational structure performance which has as a result to provide refined services. References Adams G. and Lamond, B. 2003, Knowledge management systems and developing sustainable competitive advantage, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 7 Anand, V., Manz, C. and Glick, W. 1998, Organizational memory: Approach to information management, Academy of Management Journal, 1 vol. 23, no. 6 Beck, T. and Levine, R. 2002, Industry growth and capital allocation: Does having a market-or bank-based system matter?, Journal of Financial Economics 64, Beckett, J., Wainwright, E. and Bance, D. 2000, Knowledge management: Strategy or software?, Management Decision, vol. 38, no. 9. Blosch, M. 2000, Customer knowledge, Knowledge and Process Management, vol. 7, no. 4 Bolloju, N., Khalifa, M., Turban, E. 2002, Integrating knowledge management into enterprise environments for the next generation decision support, Decision Support Systems, vol. 33, no. 2. Burstein, F., Zyngier, S. and Rateb, Z. 2002, Knowledge management in the financial services sector: understandings and t rends in Australia, Monash university, Melbourne, Australia. Cepeda, G., Galan, J. and Leal, A. 2004, Identifying a key knowledge area in the professional services: A case study, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 8, no. 6 Chang, L., Sangjae, L and Kang, W. 2004, KMPI: measuring knowledge management performance, Information and Management, vol. 42 Cheng, H., Yi-Chuan L. and Calvin S. 2009, An ontology-based business intelligence application in a financial knowledge management system, Expert Systems with Applications, vol.36, no. 2 Cole, R. (1998), Introduction, California Management Review, vol. 40, no. 3 Demirguc-Kunt, A. and Maksimovic, V. 1998, Law, finance, and firm growth, The Journal of Finance, vol. 53, no. 6 Dilnutt, R. 2002, Knowledge management in practice: Three contemporary case studies, International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, vol. 3, no 2, Garcà ­a-Murillo M., Annabi H. 2002, Customer knowledge management, Journal of the Operati onal Research Society, Vol. 53, No. 8 Gold, A., Malhotra, A. and Segars, A. 2001, Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective, Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. 18, no. 1 Grant, R. 1996, Toward a knowledge-based view of the firm, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 17, Kalpic, B. and Bernus, P. 2006, Business process modeling through the knowledge management perspective, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 10. Karl, M. 1997, Knowledge management: Where did it come from and where will it go?, Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 13. McEvily, S. and Chakravarthy, B. 2002, The persistence of knowledge-based advantage: an empirical test for product performance and technological knowledge Strategic Management Journal, vol. 23, no. 4 Moshirian, F. 2004, Financial services: Global perspectives, Journal of Banking Finance, vol. 28, no. 2 ODell, C. and Grayson J. 1998, If only we knew what we know: identification and transfer of int ernal best practices, California Management Review, vol. 40, no. 3. Quanyong, Y. 2009, A New Financial Investment Management Method Based on Knowledge management, Computational Intelligence and Design, vol. 2 Teece, D. 1998, Research directions for knowledge management, California Management Review, vol.40, no. 3 Weissor, S., Sheng-Tun L. and Kuan-Ju C. 2008, A frame knowledge system for managing financial decision knowledge, Expert Systems with Applications, Zack, M. 1999, Developing a knowledge strategy, California Management Review, vol. 41.

How to Stop Global Warming Essay - 1406 Words

Each year, over 7.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by human activity. That is the equivalent of 110 million airplanes all being in the air at once! These disturbing numbers are the foremost cause of global warming, and have been steadily growing over the past few decades. Global warming is caused by this recent surge of greenhouse gasses which consists primarily of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide isn’t harmful to the atmosphere in the amount that is produced naturally from decaying trees, volcanic eruptions, etc., because the forests act as a natural recycling system. However, humans burning fossil fuels, demolishing forests, and using chemical fertilizers are causing an enormous surplus of carbon†¦show more content†¦The core purpose of carbon dioxide existing in the atmosphere is to trap the heat acquired from sunlight and not let it past the atmosphere. It’s because of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that Earths atmosphere is warm enough to sustain human life. When there is a large increase in the proportion of carbon dioxide in the air, the quantity of heat caught by the carbon dioxide also increases. This in turn contributes to the total rise in the surface temperature of the earth. Due to this rise in temperature in ice in the Arctic is melting, which is causing the sea level to rise. Dr. Leonard Berry from the FAU Climate Change Initiative stated that â€Å"The ocean has risen six inches over the course of the last twenty-five years† (â€Å"Water†¦Ã¢â‚¬  n.pag.). A major contributor to global warming is fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are used for everything from generating electricity from turbines to powering vehicles. In the last few centuries the economy has been growing so rapidly that the need for energy from fossil fuels has reached new heights. 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Human activitiesRead MorePros and Cons of Global Warming Essay838 Words   |  4 PagesShould we stop Global warming? The world is changing because of Global warming. People living on earth are responsible for global warming. Global Warming is a big change in climate caused by Pollution (Global Warming). To stop global warming we should stop polluting the air and water also growing trees is a very good way to stop global warming because global warming changes the temperature however, trees can balance the temperature by keeping the temperature cold. We must stop Global warming becauseRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Impact On The World1042 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Yarely Juarez Jack F.Macy Intermediate School Abstract Global warming is a topic that concern many scientists and other people. lbis paper will be stating on the causes,history, technology, and etc. Inthis research paper you will find most of the history of global warming, how it has had a impact on the world, how it impacts us and our daily lives, and etc. Also I (Yarely Juarez) will be stating what are the planning or direction of this technology. Many 7t11Read MoreThe Threat Posed by Global Warming Essay examples1359 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Introduction The environmental situation in the world is worsening on a regular basis mostly due to the pollution caused by human-made activities. The global warming and climate change do not only affect people’s health and nature but also the economy forcing people to invent ways in order to reduce the negative impact of this natural catastrophe. This paper will describe the nature of global warming, as well as the basic causes and effects of this continuous rise of the Earth’sRead MoreDestroying Our Homes. The Lifestyles Around Us Are Constantly1237 Words   |  5 PagesDestroying Our Homes The lifestyles around us are constantly getting destroyed thanks to us humans. According to National Geographic, in the article â€Å"Global Warming Fast Facts† states that â€Å"2500 scientists have concluded that humans have caused all or most of the warming(par.1).† This was suggested because of the types of jobs that deal with working within the environment, such as industrialization which release harmful gases into the air and deforestation which destroy trees. The main argumentRead MoreIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change1404 Words   |  6 Pagesabout 90% of the use of fossil fuels worldwide to have a slim chance of stopping Global Warming. If the people have anything less than the percentage given, Global Warming will not stop. As of now Global Warming is a big issue throughout the world. Some say Global Warming is just a myth to scare people and it’s just a natural cause, but there is proof that Global Warming is a fact and that the main cause of Global Warming is anthropogenic causes or man-made. Man has overused the burning of fossil